This theory is based
on the idea that a person’s decision whether to abide by societal general
procedures (values and rules) or not depends on the bond between individuals
and the society (Lemert, 1945). Furthermore,
it has theorized that the individual-society bond is made up of four elements
that is :(a) attachment: having a general sense of touch and feeling to others’
opinions and being able to have respect towards others and feel affection
towards one’s life;
(b) commitment: time and energy investment on activities
(both conventional and unconventional) using different means and goals to
achieve that; (c) involvement: how long term and short term opportunities are
shaped up by the living patterns; and (d): the level at which the rightness of
legal rules are taken by young people and how the societal consensus are
generally reflected. The life of a young person is therefore defined by the
four elements and whether they’ll use the conventional means to advance
socially or use ways that are illegal to gratify themselves is solely dependent
on the four above (Miller and Dollard, 1941).
Article Two
This
theory is premised on the subculture of the youth and has some close links to
the social control approaches, that is, a group setting has to be present for
learning of an act perceived by the society as a criminal act. Operation on
different systems of value, adhering to sub-cultural norms in individual’s act
and different forms of right and wrong are the ways in which subculture use to
see itself. The subcultures also represent and are viewed as a response to
socio-economic shortfalls and means of resisting the deprivation (Debbie et al. 2004).
References
Debbie, R. et al.
(2004). Common Themes and Treatment Approaches in Working with Families of
Runaway Youth. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(4), 139–53.
Lemert, E. M. (1945).
The Grand Jury as an Agent of Social Control. American Sociological Review,
10, (6), 751-8.
Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Social
Learning and Imitation. Yale University Press.
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